To answer your questions:
- The rod angle you'd get with a 4.25" stroker crank and 6.700" rod is greater than the rod angle you have with a factory 427 setup (3.78" stroke, 6.488" rod). Max rod angles are 18.58 degrees and 16.93 degrees, respectively. Whoever told you that the stroker setup would be easier on the cylinder walls because of the rod angle doesn't know what they're talking about.
- For your application, leaving the Edelbrock heads alone will be fine, at least with respect to the ports. You might consider a valve spring change, depending on the cam you end up with.
I'd have a few more comments. First, I don't understand why you are concerned about cylinder wall pressure from the reciprocating assembly. There is no FE stroke/rod length combination available that will cause you problems in that area, with any FE block. I wouldn't worry about any of that. Engines split cylinder walls because they are overbored and the walls are thin, plus excessive cylinder pressure (lots of horsepower). With your horsepower goals you aren't at risk of this, provided the block you use isn't real thin.
Next, do you have a 427 block, or are you going to buy one? If not, prepare to spend around $3K for a decent factory block, or $4K+ for an aftermarket block. Sounds from your information like you may be funds limited on this project; you'd be a lot better off financially by building a 390 stroker (445 cubic inch) than a stock stroke 427, and you'd easily make your horsepower/torque target.
Finally, 450 HP is easily do-able with a stock stroke 427, the Edelbrock heads, mild cam, etc. Compression of 10:1 will be fine on the street, assuming the cam is matched to the compression ratio you are running.
Good luck on the project - Jay