There are a few possible things happening with the transfer tube and associated parts. This assumes the parts are correctly sized, and without physical faults in the first place.
1) The tube is not smooth, straight, round, so it can't seat against the O-rings, or the rubber fitting of the other type.
2) The internal passage for the transfer tube on the float bowl body has something going on that is causing things not to seal. Scratch, delaminating finish, old gunk, been cleaned out with abrasive methods thus making the hole bigger than it should be... something could be there so look carefully.
3) The tube end lip is a little sharp, or has a burr of some type, causing issues with the seals... I chamfer the outer edge of every tube ever so slightly to ensure they won't cause issues. I also deburr the inner edge just to make certain there is no foreign material that will come loose and get in my needle and seat and give me that super fun fountain of gas all Holley owners know and love.
4) The O-rings or end gaskets were not fully seated when installing the tubes... easy to do especially with the O-rings.
I like the little special tube end gaskets better than the O-rings.
I check each gasket carefully for any imperfections and remedy those before installing... they are usually good out of the box, but sometimes there is casting flashing or nibs that must be dealt with.
I lube every rubber end gasket with Vaseline, or silicone grease, before installation (very lightly, almost like you are trying to wipe it off rather than put it on)
O-Rings, I like to double up and stack tightly against each other, and I start them about 1/8" from the end of the tube.
The end gaskets I place over the end of the tube and stuff in the hole while working the tube ever so slightly to ensure they insert fully and smooth... You can push the end out of those if you just shove them in and things are not perfect.
I finish with the end gaskets by using a tool I made to push the gasket into the hole after both float bowls have been installed, and the tube has been centered by hand (mark the tube beforehand so you can see center). A tiny scribe mark is all you need.
Push the end gaskets in so they are fully inside the tube hole chamfer on the float bowl receiving end and be sure to push them in evenly around the circumference.
Doing these things will greatly improve your sealing situation, and it sounds like a lot, but once you have it down it adds about one minute to a full carb rebuild.