Is there a way you can route the cable without having it run down the block, between the header and block?
Is there a way you can duct in fresh outside ambient air to the area where the cable is run?
If you can find a good way to run the cable, even if it requires a custom made length of cable, so it is not run in the "oven" area between the block and headers I think a major portion of your troubles would be solved.
If you can duct in cooler air to help remove ambient underhood heat from heat soaking the cable it would work...and both together might be really great.
I know there are high temp cables that might help.
Thermo-Trex 500 is rated to work at 392*F, and there might be some newer tech that works even higher.
This means you could use reroute some heat shield, high temp cable, and some fresh air ducting to arrive at a very usable result.
Keep in mind there are a few different kinds of heat under the hood of a car.
One that causes lots of trouble is heat soak.
Direct contact heat can be mitigated by removing direct contact if possible, or at least limiting the amount of direct contact.
Radiant heat can be mitigated with heat refelective products.
Ambient heat can be mitigated with heat insulation products, or fresh air methods that take away the heat.
But, if the item being protected from the heat is left in the high ambient heat long enough, heat soak will eventually raise the heat to ambient, or near ambient.
I would think the headers radiate temps in the 350*F - 600*F range as a fairly standard temp range depending on engine load and time at load. They certainly radiate higher temps for short periods of time under full load.