Is it a top and bottom tank radiator?
If so, they don't get filled to the top. My technique is to fill the system, fire it, and when I see flow, fill it to almost the top to allow for the thermostat opening and let it circulate with no cap for a bit.
Then run it, let it cool and check level. It may have just been overfull.
I may be missing something, but what you describe doesn't sound like it is a bad head gasket