A "washer" discussion was brought up not long ago in regards to torque and how some guys seemed to be pulling threads when using a proper torque setting, especially with aluminum heads. The problem seemed to be related to, 1) better material and newer manufacturing processes making the spot faces of the bolt holes really nice and smooth and 2) the use of thread lube on both sides of the washer, thus allowing the washer to turn on the cylinder head as well as under the nut and acting more like a bearing, reducing the friction between the nut and washer. Torque values are based on a friction coefficient calculated for the specific fastener and when this 'bearing effect" occurred, the coefficient of friction was reduced dramatically leaving the torque value way off scale for the fastener and causing an major over-torque scenario. The solution was (is) make sure you don't put any lube between the washer and the aluminum head and in fact, take the washer and rough up one side a little with some 120g sandpaper and put that side against the head. The topic of washers under rod bolts also came up in the discussion and the fact that they are not a good idea. Just for some credibility, one of the people in the discussion was Tom Molnar who used to be an engineer at Oliver, started K1, and now has his own line of Molnar cranks and rods. If anyone knows Tom, he's a pretty sharp guy.